4 Part Writing Tips

Note the ranges of the 4 voices:

1.
  1. Double the root for all root position chords
  2. Double the root or 5th for all primary 1st inversion chords
  3. Double the 3rd for all secondary 1st inversion chords
  4. Double the 5th for all primary 2nd inversion chords
2. Soprano, Alto and Tenor lines should move by step (2nd) and leaps not more than a 4th
3. Leaps are allowed in the Bass as it indicates the chords to be used
4. If 2 triads have more than 1 or 2 notes in common, these notes should be repeated in the same voice. See below:

 

 

5. If 2 triads have no notes in common, the upper 3 voices must move in opposite direction to the motion of the bass, to the nearest position. See below:

 

 

6. Movements in parallel 5ths, octaves, unison are not allowed in 4 part writing between any pair of voices See below:

 

 

7. The leading note should resolve by semitone to the tonic See below:

 

 

8. When 2 voices move in similar motion, the lower voice should not move to a position where it is higher than the upper voice (overlapping) See below:

 

 

9. The lower voice should not be higher than the upper voice (voice crossing). See below:

 

 

10. In root position progressions, avoid the movement of all voice in the same direction except in cadences.

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